Millions of people worldwide continue to suffer from cataract-related blindness, as access to sight-restoring surgery remains out of reach for many. Despite being a simple and effective procedure, cataract surgery is not available to almost half of those in need, according to recent studies published in The Lancet Global Health. The World Health Organization reports that around 94 million people are affected by cataracts, with the African region experiencing the highest number of untreated cases.
Cataracts develop when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, making daily tasks like reading and driving difficult. The most common cause is aging, though injury and certain medical conditions or medications can also lead to cataracts. Without surgery, vision gradually becomes hazy or fully impaired, significantly impacting quality of life.
Research analyzing surveys from 68 countries reveals that global coverage of cataract surgery has improved by only about 15 percent over the past two decades. If current trends continue, coverage is expected to rise just 8.4 percent more this decade. Experts warn that this pace falls short of meeting the World Health Assembly’s goal of a 30 percent increase in surgery access by 2030.
Women are particularly affected, with studies showing they consistently face lower access to care than men across all regions. Rural and underserved communities often lack sufficient eye-care professionals, leading to long wait times, high costs, and limited awareness about cataract treatment options.
To address these challenges, WHO urges governments to integrate vision screening and eye examinations into primary health care. Investment in surgical infrastructure and expanding the eye-care workforce—especially in areas where services are scarce—are recommended as critical steps. Targeted efforts are also needed to reduce inequalities and ensure women and marginalized groups benefit from improved access.
