A Mediterranean diet combined with supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids and phytosterols may improve cholesterol levels and body composition in peri- and menopausal women, according to a small pilot study. While the findings are promising, larger and longer studies are needed to confirm these benefits.
This Italian study followed 14 women—both menopausal and perimenopausal—who adopted a Mediterranean-style diet rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, olive oil, and fish.
They also took two supplements daily: one containing phytosterols (plant sterols) with bergamot, prickly pear extract, and vitamin B1, and the other an omega-3 fatty acid supplement known for cardiovascular benefits.
Over two to seven months, researchers recorded improvements in total cholesterol, LDL (bad) cholesterol levels, and rises in HDL (good) cholesterol, with increases in HDL up to 65% in menopausal women. Participants also experienced reductions in body fat, waist size, and BMI.
Menopause often brings hormonal changes that raise cholesterol and cardiovascular risk, making effective management crucial since heart disease is the leading cause of death among women. The Mediterranean diet is already recognized for heart health, and supplements like phytosterols and omega-3s have cholesterol-lowering effects. This study’s combination approach showed meaningful benefits despite participants not using cholesterol-lowering medications.
However, limitations include the small sample size, lack of a control group, and the study’s short duration. The research was also conducted exclusively with Italian women, which may affect its generalizability.
These findings support the ongoing recommendation of a Mediterranean diet as a heart-healthy choice during menopause. Supplements might offer additional help but should complement—not replace—a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle. Women considering these supplements should consult healthcare providers to tailor prevention strategies based on individual needs.
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