As Men’s Health Month concludes, it’s vital to spotlight prostate cancer—a leading health concern for men, especially those over 50. Dr. William Dahut, chief scientific officer at the American Cancer Society, shares essential insights about this disease, from symptoms and risk factors to screening and new treatments.
What Is Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cancer starts when cells in the prostate gland grow uncontrollably. The prostate, found only in men, produces fluid that is part of semen. It is one of the most common cancers affecting men, with about 1 in 8 men diagnosed during their lifetime. Most cases occur in men aged 65 and older, with the average diagnosis age around 67.
Early Signs and Symptoms to Watch For
Early prostate cancer often shows no symptoms. When symptoms do appear, they may include:
- Difficulty urinating or weak urine flow
- Frequent urination, especially at night
- Blood in urine or semen
Advanced prostate cancer may cause additional symptoms such as:
- Erectile dysfunction
- Bone pain in hips, back, or chest
- Numbness or weakness in legs
- Unexplained weight loss and fatigue
Why Screening Matters
Because prostate cancer can develop silently, screening is crucial. The American Cancer Society recommends men start discussing screening with their doctors at:
- Age 50 for average-risk White men
- Age 45 for Black men
- Age 40 for men with a very high risk (family history or genetic factors)
Screening typically involves a blood test measuring prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Elevated PSA may lead to further imaging or biopsy.
Risk Factors and Prevention
While age, race (higher risk in African American men), and family history are non-modifiable risk factors, men can reduce overall cancer risk by:
- Avoiding tobacco
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Staying physically active
- Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
- Limiting red and processed meats and alcohol intake
- Discussing family history and screening with a healthcare provider
Prognosis and Advances in Treatment
Prostate cancer prognosis is generally favorable when detected early, with a 5-year survival rate near 97%. Early-stage prostate cancer rarely leads to death within 10 years. However, metastatic prostate cancer remains challenging, though new treatments show promise, including:
- Advanced androgen receptor inhibitors
- Targeted therapies for genetic mutations like BRCA2
- Immunotherapy and precision radiation techniques
Common Myths Debunked
Myth: Prostate cancer only affects older men.
Fact: Over 55,000 men under 60 will be diagnosed in 2025.
Myth: PSA screening is not useful.
Fact: Regular screening significantly lowers death risk from aggressive prostate cancer.
Myth: Prostate cancer is always deadly.
Fact: Many men live long, healthy lives with early detection and appropriate management.
Health Advice for Men
Begin conversations about prostate health with your doctor by age 40-50, depending on risk.
Incorporate regular exercise and a nutritious diet to support overall health.
Stay informed about new screening guidelines and treatment options.
Pay attention to urinary changes or unexplained symptoms and seek medical advice promptly.
Prostate cancer remains a serious but manageable disease with early detection and modern therapies. Men’s Health Month is the perfect time to prioritize prostate health and take proactive steps toward prevention and care.
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