Physical activity plays a significant role in cancer prevention, with research showing that the most active women can reduce their breast cancer risk by 30% to 35% compared to the least active. Exercise also offers protective benefits against several other cancers, including lung, endometrial, colon, kidney, bladder, and esophageal cancers.
During and after cancer treatment, exercise remains valuable. Studies indicate that staying active can enhance physical function and quality of life. Moderate exercise helps increase strength and endurance, improves cardiovascular health, and reduces symptoms such as depression, anxiety, fatigue, and pain. It also contributes to better mood, self-esteem, and sleep quality.
It is important to recognize that certain treatment-related conditions—such as anemia, a weakened immune system, specific radiation side effects, or surgical limitations—may affect one’s ability to exercise. Older adults and individuals with bone disease, arthritis, or nerve damage should take extra care to prevent injury.
Encouraging research suggests that regular physical activity is associated with improved survival after a cancer diagnosis and may lower the risk of recurrence. Inactive cancer survivors generally face higher risks of recurrence and lower survival rates compared to those who stay active.
Major health organizations, including the American Cancer Society, recommend that cancer survivors avoid inactivity and resume normal daily activities as soon as feasible. Guidelines advise at least 150 minutes of exercise per week, along with strength training on two or more days.
Not everyone may feel ready for gym-based exercise during or after treatment. Returning to enjoyable activities—such as walking, cycling with friends, or playing with a dog in the park—can improve adherence and make movement more pleasant. Walking is a safe option for most people, while swimming offers a joint-friendly alternative. Yoga can also support strength, flexibility, and balance.
Always consult your healthcare team before beginning or modifying an exercise plan during cancer treatment.
