As concerns about obesity in the United States continue to rise, medical experts are highlighting both lifestyle changes and medical interventions as essential strategies for safe and effective weight loss. With adult obesity rates near 37%, doctors stress that losing weight is a significant step toward improving overall health.
Healthcare professionals now describe obesity as a chronic disease that can return if treatment is stopped too soon. Dr. Annie Wang, a surgeon specializing in minimally invasive gastrointestinal and weight loss surgery at UCI Health, notes that carrying extra weight can impact many body systems. Some of the earliest symptoms patients report include acid reflux and joint pain. Obesity also increases the risk of serious conditions like heart attack, stroke, cancer, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, sleep apnea, and liver diseases. Addressing obesity as a medical issue rather than one of self-image helps people focus on getting healthy without shame or guilt.
When it comes to medical options, two main approaches are available: weight-loss medications and bariatric surgery. GLP-1 medications help many people lose weight, but often the pounds return once the medication is stopped. Studies show that with these drugs, patients may lose 10-15% of their body weight, but most gain some weight back after stopping the medication.
On the other hand, bariatric surgery has proven to provide longer-lasting results. Two types of surgeries, gastric sleeve and gastric bypass, are commonly performed. The gastric sleeve reduces the size of the stomach, so patients feel full with less food, while gastric bypass makes more significant changes to the digestive system. According to Dr. Wang, patients who have these surgeries may lose 25-30% of their weight and keep it off for many years. These surgical procedures can also lower the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
People considering bariatric surgery should know that guidelines recommend evaluation when a person’s body mass index (BMI) is 30 or higher. Before surgery, patients meet with a team of healthcare professionals including dietitians and psychologists, and they are asked to lose some weight to prepare their bodies for the procedure. After surgery, many patients report enjoying a much better quality of life, being able to participate in physical activities and spend time with family. While all surgeries have risks, doctors work closely with patients to ensure the best possible outcomes.
