Gov. Kathy Hochul recently announced she will undergo treatment to remove basal cell carcinoma, a common type of skin cancer. Her news has prompted renewed interest in what causes skin cancer and how to recognize its symptoms.
Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 6.1 million adults are treated for basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas each year, based on Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data.
Basal cell carcinoma often appears as a slightly transparent bump on the skin. It usually develops on areas frequently exposed to the sun, such as the head and neck, the Mayo Clinic reports.
Causes of Basal Cell Carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma occurs when a basal cell in the skin develops a mutation in its DNA. Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight is the primary cause. Preventive measures include using sunscreen and limiting direct sun exposure.
Other factors that increase the risk of developing basal cell carcinoma include:
- Chronic sun exposure
- Previous radiation therapy
- Fair skin
- Older age
- Personal or family history of skin cancer
- Use of immune-suppressing drugs
- Exposure to arsenic
- Rare inherited conditions that predispose individuals to skin cancer
Symptoms of Basal Cell Carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma typically presents as a change in the skin, such as a growth or sore that does not heal. Common forms include:
- A shiny, skin-colored bump
- A brown, black, or blue lesion
- A flat, scaly patch
- A white, waxy, scar-like lesion
Early detection is crucial. Individuals who notice persistent changes in their skin should consult a healthcare provider promptly.
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